SS John Barry

An American Liberty ship torpedoed in the Arabian Sea in 1944 while carrying three million Saudi silver riyals — one of the largest silver cargoes ever recovered from the deep sea.

History

The SS John Barry was an American Liberty ship — one of the mass-produced cargo vessels built to keep Allied supply lines running during the Second World War. In August 1944, she sailed from Norfolk, Virginia, and by way of the Suez Canal reached the Arabian Sea, bound for Ras Tanura in Saudi Arabia and then Karachi. Her cargo manifest included three million newly struck Saudi silver riyals dated 1935 (AH 1354), minted in the United States for the Saudi government as part of oil-concession payments. Persistent postwar rumors held that she also carried additional silver bullion worth some $26 million, though this was never substantiated, and the 1994 recovery explicitly found no such bullion. On the night of 28 August 1944, some 130 miles southeast of Oman, the John Barry was torpedoed by the German U-boat U-859. She broke in two and sank in more than 8,500 feet of water — deeper than almost any wreck ever worked commercially. Most of her crew survived and were rescued by escort vessels; the silver went to the bottom with her.

Recovery

The French oceanographic institute IFREMER located the wreck in 1992 and, sponsored by Oman's Ocean Group, mounted one of the deepest commercial salvage operations ever attempted in 1994, recovering roughly half of the three-million-coin shipment — an estimated 1.5 million Saudi silver riyals — from the shattered holds more than a mile and a half below the surface. No silver bullion was found, despite long-standing rumors of an additional cargo. The recovered riyals — heavy .917 fine silver coins struck at the Philadelphia Mint for Ibn Saud — were sold to collectors worldwide, many encapsulated with certificates tying them to the wreck. The John Barry remains one of the few WWII-era shipwrecks that produced a marketable, well-documented cargo of struck silver coin, and stands as a modern bookend to the centuries-long story of silver moving under sail and steam.

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