Spanish 1733 Fleet
- Lost: 1733
- Location: Florida Keys, USA
- Coordinates: 24.8500, -80.7500
- Era: Spanish Colonial – Late Period
- Coinage: cob
- Discovered by: Art McKee (Capitana) / multiple salvors
- Recovery: 1938
- Cargo: Silver cobs, Gold escudos, Mexican indigo, Cochineal
Twenty-two-ship Spanish treasure fleet driven onto the Florida Keys by a July hurricane — the sister disaster to the 1715 loss and a foundational site for modern Florida treasure diving.
History
The New Spain fleet, under Lieutenant-General Rodrigo de Torres, departed Havana on Friday 13 July 1733 with about 21–22 ships (sources vary slightly). Within a day, a hurricane caught the fleet and forced Torres to order it back toward Havana; by 15 July, most of the ships had been driven onto reefs and shoals across roughly eighty miles of the Florida Keys. Casualty figures are inconsistently reported across sources and no single primary tally is adopted here. Spanish salvage was extensive: shore camps were established, and crown salvors recovered the great majority of the registered silver and goods over the following years.
Recovery
Modern rediscovery is commonly associated with Florida diver Art McKee, who from 1938 located and worked one of the 1733 wrecks, effectively founding the sport of Florida treasure diving; the naming of the wreck he worked as "El Rubí Segundo" and precise identification of individual fleet vessels remain unresolved in the sources. Successive generations of divers have worked other 1733 wrecks — including San Pedro and San Felipe — recovering silver cobs, gold escudos, and cannon.
Timeline
- 1733 — Departs Havana — About 21–22 ships of the New Spain fleet sail on 13 July.
- 1733 — Hurricane in the Straits — Fleet driven onto the Florida Keys by 15 July; casualty figures are inconsistently reported.
- 1733–1737 — Spanish Camps Recover Cargo — Crown-organized salvage recovers the great majority of the registered cargo over several years.
- 1938 — McKee Works a 1733 Wreck — First modern rediscovery of a 1733-fleet wreck.
- 1938–Present — Ongoing Diving — Multiple wrecks worked; San Pedro preserved as underwater park.
Notes
- Rediscovery from 1938 by Art McKee launched modern Florida treasure diving
- Spanish salvors recovered the bulk of the registered cargo within years of the disaster
- The San Pedro site is now a Florida State Underwater Archaeological Preserve