Rooswijk (1739/1740)

A Dutch East India Company (VOC) merchantman lost on the Goodwin Sands off Kent on 9 January 1740 — catalogued as 1739 in some Old Style British records — carrying silver bound for Batavia.

History

The Rooswijk was a 145-foot Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC) merchantman built at the company's Amsterdam shipyard. On her second outbound voyage to Batavia (modern Jakarta), she departed the island of Texel on 8 January 1740 under Captain Daniel Ronzieres, carrying a crew of roughly 237 men and a cargo dominated by silver — the universal currency of the Asian spice trade. The VOC routinely purchased Spanish-American silver, melted some into ingots stamped with the company's monogram, and shipped the rest as chests of struck coin. The Rooswijk's silver included Mexican 8 reales — both newly milled pillar dollars and older Habsburg-era cobs — accumulated through Amsterdam's role as Europe's bullion clearinghouse. The morning after departure, in a heavy winter gale, the Rooswijk was driven onto the Goodwin Sands — the notorious shifting sandbanks off the Kent coast known to English sailors as "the ship swallower." She broke up almost immediately. Every soul aboard was lost. The wreck slipped beneath the sands and disappeared from the record for more than two and a half centuries.

Recovery

In 2004, English diver Ken Welling located the Rooswijk on the Goodwin Sands. The Dutch government — which retains ownership of VOC wrecks under international maritime law — authorised a controlled salvage in 2005 that recovered thousands of silver coins and a number of silver ingots bearing VOC stamps. Between 2017 and 2018, a joint project between Historic England and the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency conducted a full archaeological excavation. The site, by then designated a protected wreck, yielded an extraordinary assemblage: silver bars, coin chests, navigational instruments, weapons, and the personal possessions of the crew — buttons, buckles, shoe leather, and pewter. Coins from the Rooswijk reach the market with formal Dutch government provenance and are among the best-documented VOC-era shipwreck artifacts available to collectors.

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