Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe & Conde de Tolosa
- Lost: 1724
- Location: Samaná Bay, Dominican Republic
- Coordinates: 19.2000, -69.3000
- Era: Spanish Colonial – Late Period
- Coinage: cob
- Discovered by: Tracey Bowden / Caribe Salvage
- Recovery: 1976
- Cargo: Mercury flasks, Spanish colonial silver, Devotional objects
Twin Spanish azogues (mercury ships) wrecked in a hurricane in Samaná Bay, Dominican Republic, on their way to deliver mercury to the New World silver refineries.
History
The Guadalupe and Tolosa were azogues — specially built ships that carried mercury from Spain to the New World, where it was essential for the amalgamation process used to refine Peruvian and Mexican silver. On 24–25 August 1724 both ships were driven into Samaná Bay by a hurricane and wrecked. Conde de Tolosa sank with catastrophic loss of life — roughly 600 of an estimated 614 aboard drowned — while Guadalupe ran aground nearby with far lighter casualties, around 80 dead.
Recovery
Salvor Tracey Bowden located both wrecks in the mid-1970s under agreement with the Dominican government. Recoveries included mercury flasks, silver, personal effects, and devotional medallions; a substantial portion is on display at the Museo de las Casas Reales in Santo Domingo.
Timeline
- 1724 — Sails from Cádiz — Two azogues bound for Veracruz with mercury.
- 1724 — Wrecked in Samaná Bay — Both driven ashore by a hurricane on 24–25 August; Tolosa loses ~600 of ~614 aboard, Guadalupe ~80.
- 1976 — Rediscovered — Salvor Tracy Bowden recovers 7,499 objects from Guadalupe.
- 1994–1995 — Archaeological Documentation — A Spanish-led team records the surviving hull remains.
Notes
- Both ships carried mercury — the metal that made New World silver refining possible
- Conde de Tolosa lost roughly 600 of her ~614 aboard; Guadalupe lost roughly 80
- Recovered artifacts are displayed at the Museo de las Casas Reales in Santo Domingo